Percentage Change Calculator
Calculate percentage change, percentage of a value, original value.
⚠️ Not financial advice. Results are illustrative only and should not be used as the basis for any investment, tax, or financial decision. Consult a qualified financial adviser or chartered accountant before acting on any figure shown.
Five ways to calculate with percentages
This calculator handles all common percentage questions in one place. Switch between five modes depending on what you are trying to find:
- % Change: How much did something increase or decrease?
- % Of: What percentage is B of A?
- Find Value: What is X% of a number?
- Reverse %: What was the original value before a percentage was applied?
- % Difference: How different are two numbers, symmetrically?
Common everyday uses
- Finance: Calculate stock price change, portfolio gain/loss, salary hike percentage.
- Shopping: Find original price before discount, verify sale savings.
- Taxes: Calculate GST on an invoice, find pre-tax price.
- Science: Percentage error, experimental deviation, concentration changes.
Quick reference formulas
% Change = (New − Old) / |Old| × 100 | % of: B/A × 100 | X% of A: A × X/100 | Reverse: B / (X/100) | % Diff: |A−B| / ((A+B)/2) × 100
Common use cases
Investors use percentage change to track portfolio gains or losses between two dates — for example, a stock moving from ₹150 to ₹195 is a 30% increase. Shoppers use the reverse percentage mode to find the original price before a discount: if a product is 25% off and now costs ₹750, the original was ₹1,000. Teachers and students use percentage difference when comparing two experimental measurements where neither is the definitive baseline. Finance teams use the percentage-of mode to calculate what share of total revenue each product line contributes.
GST calculation using percentages
In India, GST is applied as a percentage on the base price. To find the GST amount: GST = Base Price × (GST rate / 100). To find the pre-GST price from a GST-inclusive total: Base Price = Total / (1 + GST rate / 100). For example, if an item costs ₹1,180 inclusive of 18% GST, the base price is ₹1,180 / 1.18 = ₹1,000. Use the "Reverse %" mode in this calculator with the total as B and (100 + GST rate) as X to compute this instantly.
Frequently asked questions
- How do I calculate percentage change?
- Percentage change = ((New Value − Old Value) ÷ |Old Value|) × 100. A positive result is an increase, negative is a decrease. Example: from ₹80 to ₹100 is a 25% increase. From ₹100 to ₹80 is a 20% decrease (note: increase and decrease percentages are not symmetric).
- What is the difference between percentage change and percentage difference?
- Percentage change h direction — it measures change from a starting value to an ending value. Percentage difference is symmetric — it compares two values without implying one came before the other, using the average of both denominator: |A−B| ÷ ((A+B)/2) × 100. Use percentage difference when neither value is the 'baseline'.
- How do I find the original price before a discount?
- Use the 'Reverse %' mode. If an item is discounted by 20% and now costs ₹800, enter B=800 and X=80 (it is now 80% of the original). The calculator returns ₹1,000 original price. Alternatively: Original = Sale Price ÷ (1 − discount%).
- Why is a 50% increase followed by a 50% decrease not back to the original?
- Starting at 100: a 50% increase gives 150. A 50% decrease of 150 gives 75, not 100. This is because the second percentage is applied to a different base. Percentage changes are multiplicative, not additive. This is why 'X% increase then X% decrease' always results in a net loss.
- What is compound percentage growth?
- Compound growth applies a percentage repeatedly. If a stock grows 10% per year for 5 years, it is not 50% total — it is (1.10)^5 − 1 = 61.05%. Use the CAGR calculator for multi-year compound growth calculations.
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